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DennisOHara
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The advantage of being high in an aircraft provided an unusual perspective.
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Including the foreground log adds depth to the scene.
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The snow covered branched frame Split Rock Lighthouse.
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This scene happens one evening out of the year, if you miss it, you wait a year for another try.
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Split second timing of two jets traveling at a closing speed of 600 MPH.
Beauty is in the eye of the Beholder - What makes a good picture
What makes one or two photos stand out among so many others is no secret, nor is there a single element that makes a photo "excellent." Rather there is a list of basic fundamental considerations, that if followed, will greatly enhance your chances of getting a “keeper”.
Experience comes by keeping these fundamentals in mind and then applying your own creativity to develop a style of your own.
The following list will get you well on your way to understanding what makes a good picture and provide you with the basics of not just good photography but excellent, well thought out, quality imagery.
Light
Paying attention to light is the single most important step you can take to improve your photography. Having good natural lighting can make the difference between a faded, rather dull image or a vibrant warm feel that draws you into the scene. The Merriam-Webster Dictionary defines photography as the art or process of producing images of objects on photosensitive surfaces. Photography literally means ‘painting with light.’ Light is an energy source that produces an image of whatever it last reflected from on its travel through space. That recording medium can be either film, a light sensor in an digital camera or our own brain.
Once you learn to “see” light in the way that it interacts with our environment it becomes easier to understand how the recording medium will represent an image produced by the light falling on the surface of its sensor, regardless of what that sensor may be.
When working with light, there are six important things to consider:
1. Direction - Where is the sun located, is the subject side lit, or back lit? Often, simply moving your location to photograph from a slightly different angle can greatly improve you chances of getting a superior picture. Modern cameras are good, however, they usually cannot compensate enough if lighting wrong.
2. Quantity - How strong is the light falling on the scene? The strength of light sets the stage for selecting the proper ISO and shutter speed. Different types of natural light can produce a wide variety of subject appearances — even though these all have the same light source and positioning. There are contrasts all around you. Once you become aware of how effective contrast is in your photos you can deliberately seek it out. Some types of contrast that work well in photos are the contrasts between old and new, light and dark, rough and smooth, solid and blurred or warm and cold.
Another thing to consider, is the range of light in the scene within the capability of the camera sensor. Our eyes are far more capable of seeing a range of light from the brightest to the darkest within a scene. Camera sensors are much less capable. Generally, if you have bright blue sky, you must consider options to brighten the shadows or accept lost details within the shadows.
3. Quality - What kind of light is illuminating the subject. The temperature of the light plays an important role in how the scene will look. Normal midday sun has a temperature of 5500K while morning and evening light both drop into the warmer 3000 to 4000K range. Depending on the the type of light illuminating the scene, the overall emotional feel and aesthetic of the image will change radically, thereby changing its meaning.
As you can see on the chart, along with time of day, the type and extent of cloud cover is the other most influential cause of lighting variation. It primarily influences lighting because it changes the balance between direct sunlight and diffuse skylight, which in turn affects the apparent contrast and color temperature of the light source. Generally, if you want “mood” feeling to a picture, stick to the time of day within two hours of sunrise and sunset.
Light and color go together. While some folks love black and white photography, I love color. Color is an element of the light spectrum that often creates brilliance and impact on an scene. Much of the sense, timing and patience developed over a lifespan of taking pictures has to do with waiting for the “right” color.
4. Composition - Stunning photographs have a sense of compositional form and balance that is pleasing to the eye.
a. Balancing Elements
Placing your main subject slightly off-center, as with the rule of thirds, creates a more interesting photo. Try to including other objects of lesser importance to fill empty space.
The “Rule of Thirds” divides the image into thirds in both the horizontal and vertical directions by means of imaginary lines to make nine blocks. The crossing points of these lines, namely one-third of the way in from both the vertical and horizontal edges, make favorable areas for the of primary object of interest in the image.
Try to include something of interest in the foreground if possible. Find something that’s interesting that doesn’t compete with or distract from your main subject. A typical example would be to include a nearby fallen pine cone when taking a waterfall scene. The foreground should play a supporting role to the main subject.
b. Viewpoint
Before photographing your subject, take time to think about where this image would best be viewed from. The point of view can greatly impact the way an image is perceived and can completely change the understanding of how a subject seen. Rather than just shooting from eye level, photograph from high above, ground level, the side, from the back, long distance, or, close up. If you want to set your image apart from the thousands of others, generally, this is the way to do it.
c. Depth
Since photography is a two-dimensional medium, we need to do what we can to give it a three dimensional view which is closer to what our eyes see. You can create depth in a photo by including objects in the foreground, middleground and background, also by overlapping, where you deliberately partially obscure one object with another. The human eye naturally recognises these layers and mentally separates them out, creating an image with more depth.
d. Framing
Often times there are natural framing object such as trees, windows and doorways the work perfectly to create a frame around the subject. By using nearby items in this manner, you isolate the main subject from the rest of the scene resulting in a more focused image and naturally draws your eye to the main subject.
e. Cropping
Often you must pull the subject closer to your viewpoint by cropping the surrounding area by using either a telephoto lens or afterward in a photo editing tool. This ensures that the subject is the main point of interest.
5. Timing – Great timing is essential in photography.
Practice being patient, and remember to try to anticipate the best moment at which to engage the shutter button. Timing involves sometimes either split second action or waiting for the one time out of the year where light is perfect.
Sometime you must wait for years to capture the right moment.
6. Clear Subject – Focus/Clarity
Great photographs generally have a very clear idea of what the core subject of the photograph is. I seldom end up keeping a picture that does not have a clear subject. Unless it is something like the Northern Lights where the entire scene is the subject matter. Ask yourself, “What is the subject of this photograph?” The object of interest can be isolated by means of placement, background and depth-of-field. In some cases natural lines and contours can be used to direct the eye to the subject. Natural frames within the image can also be helpful.
Summary
To some extent, we all see the word differently and the purpose of photography is to present an image that stimulates not only our visual senses but also uses these visual cues to trigger memories, feelings, and moods that help us enjoy and remember our own experiences and desires to be in the scene.
Humans have an incredible array of senses to help us experience this world and all that God has created on this planet. By understanding what makes a good photograph, you can play a special role in helping others step into a scene and enjoy life.
See Dennis' other work at his website: www.northernimages.com
Comments (1)
Comment FeedAwesome
Sandra more than 6 years ago